全膝关节置换术中髌骨置换与否对早期疗效及膝前痛的影响

 目的 探讨全膝关节置换术中髌骨置换与否对早期疗效及膝前痛发生率的影响。方法 2010年6月至2011年6月拟行全膝关节置换术患者100例,随机分为两组：髌骨置换组43例50膝,髌骨未置换组57例66膝。比较术后6个月、12个月两组患者的西安大略和麦克马斯特大学(West Ontario and McMaster Universities,WOMAC)骨关节炎指数、美国膝关节外科协会(Knee Surgery Society,KSS)膝评分和功能评分、膝前痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)。结果 髌骨置换组与髌骨未置换组患者术后膝前痛VAS评分均较术前明显降低,两组间VAS评分及膝前痛发生率的差异无统计学意义。WOMAC骨关节炎指数6个月分别为28.8±11.2和18.6±7.2、术后12个月分别为20.7±6.2和16.0±5.5,KSS膝评分6个月分别为(87.0±8.3)分和(90.9±7.2)分、术后12个月分别为(84.2±10.6)分和(88.8±9.2)分,KSS功能评分术后6个月分别为(86.6±21.6)分和(84.9±16.5)分、术后12个月分别为(85.2±16.4)分和(91.0±10.0)分,组间差异均无统计学意义。髌骨轴位X线片示髌骨与股骨假体滑车吻合度良好,无不稳及脱位表现。术后1年内无翻修、髌骨表面再置换病例。结论 全膝关节置换术对改善因骨关节炎或类风湿关节炎导致的膝关节疼痛、功能受限有效;髌骨置换与否对术后短期疗效及膝前痛发生率没有影响。     

颈椎动态稳定器植入术治疗颈椎病的临床疗效观察

目的：观察颈椎动态稳定器（DCI）治疗颈椎病的早期临床疗效,探讨其应用的安全性及有效性.方法：自2009年6月至2011年12月,收治符合DCI植入指征的颈椎病患者19例,其中男8例,女11例;年龄35～54岁,平均43.2岁.脊髓型颈椎病5例,神经根型颈椎病14例.病变节段：C3,4 1例,C4,56例,C5,66例,C6,74例,C3,4合并C5,6、C6,72例.19例患者均行颈前路椎间盘切除、椎管减压后DCI植入术,其中2例同时行颈前路椎体次全切除、植骨融合钢板内固定术.术前和末次随访采用改良日本骨科学会17分法（mJOA）、颈椎残障功能量表（NDI）评分、疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）扣患者满意度（PSI）评价临床疗效.测量DCI植入节段的活动度（ROM）和椎间隙高度（DHI）以及相邻节段的ROM.采用Miyazaki颈椎间盘退变分级方法评定相邻节段椎间盘退变情况.结果：所有患者获得随访,时间12～42个月,平均19.8个月.mJOA评分术前13.6±1.1,末次随访16.3±1.2,平均改善率为85.0％;NDI评分术前17.1±7.4,末次随访6.1±3.9;VAS评分术前6.6±1.4,末次随访1.4±0.8;以上指标末次随访与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.DCI植入节段术前ROM （7.6±1.9）°,末次随访（7.8±2.1）°;C2-C7节段术前ROM （38.6±7.2）°,末次随访（39.9±6.4）°;以上指标末次随访与术前比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.DCI植入节段DHI术前（6.3±1.1）mm,末次随访（7.1±0.8）mm,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.随访未见异位骨化.MRI随访发现38个相邻节段中3个（8％）椎间盘退变分级加重1级,但无相关临床症状出现.结论：应用颈椎动态稳定器治疗颈椎病早期随访的临床效果满意,手术节段活动度得到一定的保留,相邻节段退变发生率较低,无相邻节段病发生,但仍然需要更长期的随访来进一步评价其功能和对邻近节段的影响.     

Outcomes following cervical disc arthroplasty: A retrospective review

Cervical disc arthroplasty has emerged as a viable technique for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy, with the proposed benefit of maintenance of segmental range of motion. There are relatively few, non-industry sponsored studies examining the outcomes and complications of cervical disc arthroplasty. Therefore, we set out to perform a single center evaluation of the outcomes and complications of cervical disc arthroplasty. We performed a retrospective review of all patients from a single military tertiary medical center undergoing cervical disc arthroplasty from August 2008 to August 2012. The clinical outcomes and complications associated with the procedure were evaluated. A total of 219 consecutive patients were included in the review, with an average follow-up of 11.2 (±11.0) months. Relief of pre-operative symptoms was noted in 88.7% of patients, and 92.2% of patients were able to return to full pre-operative activity. There was a low rate of complications related to the anterior cervical approach (3.2% with recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, 8.9% with dysphagia), with no device/implant related complications. Symptomatic cervical radiculopathy is a common problem in both the civilian and active duty military populations and can cause significant disability leading to loss of work and decreased operational readiness. There exist several surgical treatment options for appropriately indicated patients. Based on our findings, cervical disc arthroplasty is a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy, with a low incidence of complications and high rate of symptom relief.     

40001/大鼠掺锶冻干骨的制备及体内植入生物相容性研究

摘要 背景：同种异体冻干骨是良好的骨移植材料,但在制备过程,其天然活性成分有所丢失或部分失活,成骨活性下降。努力改善冻干骨成骨活性,希望研制出一种能克服上述缺点的新型材料运用于临床。 目的：观察掺锶冻干骨植入大鼠体内的生物学活性。 方法：按照标准的冻干骨加工程序制备大鼠股骨髁冻干骨材料,采用氯化锶溶液浸泡方法制备掺锶冻干骨。将27只健康成年SD大鼠随机分为3组,每组9只。SD大鼠钝性分离肌肉,造成股部肌袋,双侧均行手术。植入掺锶冻干骨作为实验组,同法植入未掺锶的普通冻干骨作为对照组。空白对照组双侧均不植入任何材料。分别于植入后4,8,12周处死各组动物3只,行大体观察、组织学观察,并依据炎性浸润及组织纤维化程度进行组织学评分。 结果与结论：采用氯化锶溶液浸泡方法制作掺锶冻干骨,锶相对钙元素掺入摩尔浓度为4.2%时在骨质内层锶元素浓度分布比较均匀。实验组和对照组植入材料周围均可见炎性细胞、肉芽组织和血管生成,并随着时间推移,炎性浸润程度明显降低,而周围纤维组织包绕增加。空白对照组炎性浸润程度轻,少量组织纤维化。实验组和对照组与空白对照组相比,炎性浸润程度及组织纤维化程度组织学评分差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。说明通过温和的锶-钙离子交换方法可以在冻干骨中有效的掺入锶元素,获得一种掺锶冻干骨材料;该掺锶冻干骨具有良好的生物组织相容性,与普通冻干骨比较无明显差异。 关键词：冻干骨;锶元素;制备;体内植入;大鼠;生物相容性 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.015     

经皮侧后路腰椎间孔成形手术器械的设计及临床应用

 目的介绍经皮侧后路腰椎间孔成形手术器械的研制, 分析经皮腰椎间孔成形、经椎间孔内镜下椎间盘摘除术治疗非包含型腰椎间盘突出症的长期疗效。方法应用自制经皮侧后路腰椎间孔成形器械, 以腰椎间孔扩大成形、经椎间孔内镜下椎间盘摘除术治疗 56例非包含型腰椎间盘突出症患者:L₃-₄节段 7例, L₄-₅节段 30例, ₅S₁节段 19例。分析治疗前及治疗后 36个月内腰痛及腿痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scales, VAS)的变化及术后 36个月时的 Macnab功能评分。结果 56例手术均顺利完成, 手术时间 40~120 min(平均 60 min), 术中出血量 20~50 ml(平均 30 ml)。 56例患者术后至少随访 36个月。腰痛 VAS: 术前(6.5±2.3)分, 术后 1天(2.2±1.3)分, 术后 3个月(1.8±1.5)分, 术后 12个月(1.4±1.3)分, 术后 36个月(1.5±1.2)分;下肢放射痛 VAS: 术前(8.7±2.3)分,术后 1天(1.2±0.8)分, 术后 3个月(0.7±0.6)分, 术后 12个月(0.5±0.3)分, 术后 36个月(0.8±0.5)分;术后各时间点较术前均明显降低(P< 0.01)。 按照 Macnab评分标准, 36个月随访时, 44例优, 10例良, 2例可, 优良率为 96.4%。仅 5例于术后 1周出现下肢”日光烧灼综合征”, 均为 L5S1椎间盘突出症患者, 经过脉冲电刺激治疗 1周后缓解。无其他手术并发症发生。结论经皮腰椎间孔成形、经椎间孔内镜下椎间盘摘除术是非包含型腰椎间盘突出症的有效、安全的微创治疗方法。     

骨质疏松性压缩骨折椎体成形术后再发椎体骨折

目的研究椎体骨质疏松性压缩骨折行椎体成形术后再发骨折的规律及相关危险因素。方法 2005年12月至2009年8月,收治外伤所致胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折行PVP治疗并资料完整的病例218例,其中男44例,女174例;年龄48～82岁,平均72.1岁。收集术前、术后1d、末次随访（至少18个月）时影像资料,对新发骨折情况进行统计分析。结果 218例（286个椎体）患者中,有22例患者进行2次以上PVP治疗,60.7%的新发椎体骨折为相邻椎体骨折;相邻椎体新发骨折较非相邻椎体新发骨折发生更快（P〈0.001）;在椎体骨折2次以上的病例,高龄、低骨密度的病例再发椎体骨折比例较大（P〈0.005）;将单次及多次骨折（2次以上）两组病例比较,性别和骨水泥注入量无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论椎体成形术后数年内易新发椎体骨折,其中相邻椎体骨折所占比例更大,且发生更快;高龄、低骨密度的患者再发骨折可能性更大。椎间盘骨水泥渗漏亦对相邻椎体骨折的发生起重要影响。     

极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症椎旁肌间隙入路与后正中入路的病例对照研究

目的：比较经椎旁肌间隙入路与后正中入路对极外型腰椎间盘突出症手术疗效的影响。方法：回顾分析2004年1月至2011年1月收治的32例行手术治疗的极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症患者的临床资料。其中行椎旁肌间隙入路17例,男11例,女6例;后正中入路15例,男10例,女5例,均经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术（transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,TLIF）治疗。所有患者获得随访,时间12-18个月,平均15.3个月。记录手术时间、术中出血量和术后引流量,并比较两组术前术后的疼痛视觉模拟（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry Disability Index,ODI）。结果：椎旁肌间隙入路组手术时间、术中出血量及术后引流量明显少于后正中入路组（P〈0.05）。末次随访时两组间VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,椎旁肌间隙入路组ODI评分少于后正中入路组（P〈0.05）。结论：极外型腰椎间盘突出症经椎旁肌间隙入路比传统后正中入路对椎旁肌损伤更小,具有更好的临床疗效。     

An analysis of heterotopic ossification in cervical disc arthroplasty: a novel morphologic classification of an ossified mass

Background contextAlthough the precise cause of heterotopic ossification (HO) remains unclear, it is certain that it increases with time. The reason why the reported occurrence rate has been given as a wider range is that there were no clinical reports that have addressed the occurrence rate based on the morphology and position.PurposeThe aim of this retrospective study was to determine whether radiological parameters had an influence on the formation of HO and to compare the results after cervical arthroplasty using Bryan (Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Memphis, TN, USA), PCM (Cervitech, Rockaway, NJ, USA), and Prestige LP (Medtronic Sofamor Danek) implants.Study design/settingA retrospective study.Patient sampleEighty-one patients were included.Outcome measurementThe occurrence of HO was determined at the four corners of the disc space according to the McAfee classification system. Heterotopic ossifications were classified into Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 HOs (end plate, traction spur, and teardrop types) based on their morphologic features. The presence of preoperative ossifications, sex, type of device, operated level, hybrid implantation, depth behind the prosthesis, cervical lordotic angle, and segmental angle between the footplates of the prosthesis were assessed as predictors in terms of location and morphologic features.MethodsEighty-one patients after 95 cervical arthroplasties using the Bryan (35 segments), PCM (30 segments), and Prestige LP implants (30 segments) underwent postoperative radiographs or three-dimensional computed tomography with a mean follow-up period of 46, 39, and 30 months, respectively, after the operation.ResultsThe overall incidence of all cases and one-level subgroup were 64.2% and 60.3%, respectively. According to the types of device, the incidence of HO was 49% (Bryan), 80% (PCM), and 60% (Prestige). Type 1 HO (62.1%) was found only in the posterosuperior disc space. Type 2 HO (13.7%) was primarily detected in the anterosuperior disc space rather than the posterosuperior disc space (3.2%). Type 3 HO (4.2%) developed only in the anterior disc space. In the anterior disc space, the incidence of Type 2 and Type 3 HOs was highest in the PCM group. In the posterior disc space, the Bryan group showed a lower proportion in the high McAfee class than the other device groups. The occurrence of Type 1 HO in the posterosuperior disc space was significantly related with the presence of preoperative ossification (p=.030), ossification in the ligamentum nuchae (p=.027), male sex (p=.042), and PCM device (p=.012). A well-fitting (p<.002) and less lordotic segmental angle (p<.015) were correlated with Type 1 HO. Implantation in the upper cervical level (p=.016) and hybrid implantation with cage (p=.033) or artificial disc (p=.048) on the upper adjacent level were significant risk factors for anterior Type 2 HO. Cervical lordotic angle at 1 month after surgery had a significant connection with the occurrence of anterior Type 2 HO in both groups of all cases (p=.032) and one-level subgroup (p=.000).ConclusionsType 1 HO developed mostly in the posterior disc space. Type 2 HO was the dominant type in the anterior disc space. Type 3 HO developed only in the anterior disc space. It is certain that both Type 1 and Type 2 HOs are related to biomechanical stresses (compressive force for Type 1 HO and traction force for Type 2 HO). It is suggested that a cervical arthroplasty should be selected in terms of the implant level, hybrid conditions on the upper adjacent segment, disc design vulnerable to the pseudotranslation, the presence of preoperative ossification, and fitting implants to end plates to reduce the development of HO.     

原位转棒复位治疗胸腰段单节段压缩骨折

目的:探讨原位转棒复位结合伤椎置钉、短节段固定治疗胸腰段单节段压缩骨折的可行性及临床疗效。方法:2008年12月至2010年5月,收治外伤所致胸腰段压缩骨折患者12例,其中男9例,女3例;年龄24～52岁,平均35.8岁。骨折节段:T112例,T122例,L16例,L22例。所有患者排除骨质疏松症及病理性骨折,无神经损伤症状。收集术前、术后5d、末次随访(至少12个月)时影像资料,对伤椎Cobb角、椎体压缩比例、内固定物状况进行观察。结果:12例患者均获得随访,时间12～30个月,平均19个月。所有病例获得骨性融合,无假关节形成,未见内固定物松动、断裂。矢状面后凸校正Cobb角由术前的(25.8±9.4)°矫正至术后5d的(6.7±2.3)°,末次随访时的(6.9±2.6)°;椎体压缩比例由术前的(42.5±10.4)%恢复至术后5d的(7.5±3.9)%,末次随访时的(8.4±4.5)%;术后5d与术前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),末次随访时与术后5d相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:原位转棒复位结合伤椎置钉、短节段固定操作简便,可使胸腰段单节段压缩骨折获得并保持良好复位,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

脊柱侧凸数字导航模板的准确性与安全性的病例对照研究

目的:设计新型脊柱侧凸个体化数字导航模板(简称导板)并在手术中应用,评价其置钉准确性和安全性。方法:2013年12月至2014年12月,对10例脊柱侧凸病例(观察组)进行CT扫描,应用计算机软件进行模型重建、模拟置钉和导板设计;应用快速成型技术制造导板;在手术中应用导板辅助置钉,记录其出血量、手术时间、术前与术后血肌酐含量变化、置钉相关并发症发生情况,术后CT扫描明确螺钉位置并进行分级,评价置钉准确率,并与同期行徒手置钉的10例脊柱侧凸病例(对照组)进行对比。观察组包括特发性侧凸5例,先天性侧凸5例;男3例,女7例;年龄4～18岁,平均11.9岁;主弯Cobb角42.1°～78.4°,平均54.9°。对照组包括特发性侧凸5例,先天性侧凸5例,男2例,女8例;年龄6～17岁,平均12.6岁;主弯Cobb角38.2°～93.4°,平均56.6°。结果:观察组置钉167枚,其中Ⅰ级138枚(82.6%),Ⅱ级25枚(15.0%),Ⅲ级4枚(2.4%),无Ⅳ级螺钉;穿破皮质29枚(17.4%),可接受螺钉163枚(97.6%).对照组置钉165枚,其中Ⅰ级98枚(59.4%),Ⅱ级39枚(23.6%),Ⅲ级21枚(12.7%),Ⅳ级7枚(4.2%);穿破皮质67枚(40.6%),可接受螺钉137枚(83.0%).两组病例置钉分级、穿破皮质比例、可接受螺钉比例均有差异(Z=-5.013,P=0.000;χ²=9.347,P=0.002;χ²=20.242,P=0.000).Cobb角矫正率[(74.1±10.0)% vs (69.7±17.6)%,出血量(455±447) ml vs (415±389) ml,手术时间 (163.5±53.7) min vs(164.0±48.7) min,术前与术后3 d血Cr变化(-5.3±3.2) vs (-3.4±3.1) μmol/L,差异均无统计学意义(t=0.696,P=0.496;t=0.214,P=0.833;t=0.022,P=0.983;t=1.375,P=0.192).两组均未见与置钉相关的并发症。结论:应用个体化数字导航模板辅助脊柱侧凸术中椎弓根螺钉置入,准确性较徒手置钉明显提高,且安全性良好。